@font-face{font-family:PortfolioDisplay;src:url(../../assets/fonts/dm-serif-display.fc6cc7ec6a4e.woff2) format("woff2");font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:PortfolioCN;src:url(../../assets/fonts/noto-serif-sc.e1eb7932ccb6.woff2) format("woff2");font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:PortfolioMark;src:url(../../assets/fonts/castoro-titling.f5bca83fc38d.woff2) format("woff2");font-display:swap}:root{--paper:#f4f0e7;--canvas:#fdfdfc;--ink:#282b31;--muted:#686e79;--line:#e1e4e8;--blue:#3976cb;--blue-light:#eef4fc;--warm-ink:#443c31;--display:PortfolioDisplay,Georgia,serif;--body:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"PingFang SC","Helvetica Neue",Arial,sans-serif;--page-width:1180px;--gutter:clamp(20px,5.5vw,88px);font-family:var(--body);color:var(--ink);background:var(--canvas);color-scheme:light;scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:0;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}:root:lang(zh-CN){--display:PortfolioCN,"Songti SC",serif}*{box-sizing:border-box}body{margin:0}h1,h2,h3,h4,p,figure,dl,dd,ul,ol{margin:0}img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto}button,a{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}button{font:inherit;color:inherit;cursor:pointer}button:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible,[tabindex]:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:5px}button:disabled{opacity:.4;cursor:default}.wrap{width:min(calc(100% - var(--gutter)*2),var(--page-width));margin-inline:auto}.skip-link{position:fixed;left:16px;top:-80px;z-index:100;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;padding:12px 20px}.skip-link:focus{top:16px}.site-header{min-height:82px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;padding:0 var(--gutter);background:var(--paper);color:var(--warm-ink);border-bottom:1px solid #ded8cc}.wordmark{font:19px/1.2 PortfolioMark,Georgia,serif;white-space:nowrap}.back-link{font-size:14px;display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;margin-left:auto;margin-right:32px}.languages{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;font-size:13px}.languages a{padding:7px 0;color:#7a7367}.languages a[aria-current=true]{color:#30291f;border-bottom:1px solid currentColor}.reading-progress{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;height:2px;width:0;background:var(--blue);z-index:80;pointer-events:none}.hero{background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--paper) 0%,#f4f1ea 76%,#fdfdfc 100%);padding-bottom:52px;overflow:hidden}.hero-inner{width:min(calc(100% - var(--gutter)*2),var(--page-width));margin:auto;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 255px;gap:80px;align-items:center;padding:52px 0 38px}.eyebrow{font-size:13px;letter-spacing:.08em;color:#777064;margin-bottom:20px}h1{font:400 clamp(38px,4.4vw,61px)/1.2 var(--display);letter-spacing:-.025em;max-width:850px;color:#302b24;text-wrap:balance}:lang(zh-CN) h1{font-weight:600;line-height:1.35;letter-spacing:.01em}.hero-summary{font-size:17px;line-height:1.85;color:#6c665c;max-width:650px;margin-top:22px}.hero-facts{display:flex;gap:44px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:30px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.7}.hero-facts dt{color:#8a8378;margin-bottom:3px}.hero-facts dd{color:#4f4c45}.text-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:30px;font-size:14px;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa293;padding:10px 0;margin-top:24px}.hero-art{align-self:stretch;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-direction:column;position:relative;min-width:0}.hero-art:before{content:"";position:absolute;width:270px;height:270px;border-radius:50%;background:radial-gradient(ellipse,#d5d1c390,transparent 68%);z-index:0}.hero-art img{width:235px;max-height:285px;object-fit:contain;position:relative;mix-blend-mode:multiply;opacity:.87}.hero-art span{font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#8e877b;margin-top:8px}.hero-preview{position:relative}.cover-figure .artwork{padding:0;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 18px 50px -24px #554d3b55;border-radius:10px;overflow:hidden;border:1px solid #dedbd3}.cover-figure figcaption{color:#888278}.chapter-nav{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:40;background:#fdfdfcf2;-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(18px);backdrop-filter:blur(18px);border-block:1px solid var(--line)}.nav-inner{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;width:min(calc(100% - var(--gutter)*2),var(--page-width));margin:auto;overflow:auto;scrollbar-width:none}.nav-inner::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.chapter-nav a{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:10px;padding:20px 0 18px;white-space:nowrap;font-size:13px;color:#777d86;border-bottom:2px solid transparent}.chapter-nav a.active,.chapter-nav a[aria-current]{color:var(--blue);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)}.nav-number{font-size:11px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;color:#a2a7af}.chapter{padding-block:96px;scroll-margin-top:64px}.chapter-heading{max-width:900px;margin-bottom:40px}.chapter-kicker{font-size:12px;color:var(--blue);letter-spacing:.07em;margin-bottom:16px;font-weight:500}h2{font-size:clamp(27px,2.7vw,38px);font-weight:600;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:-.025em;text-wrap:balance}h3{font-size:20px;font-weight:550;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:-.02em}h4{font-size:17px;line-height:1.6;font-weight:550}.chapter-intro{font-size:16px;line-height:1.95;color:var(--muted);max-width:810px;margin-top:20px}.design-figure{min-width:0}.artwork{display:block;position:relative;width:100%;padding:0;border:1px solid #e4e7eb;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;cursor:zoom-in;transition:border-color .18s,box-shadow .18s}.artwork:hover{border-color:#9db9e3;box-shadow:0 5px 24px -12px #53779d44}.artwork img{width:100%;height:auto}figcaption{font-size:12px;line-height:1.65;color:#77808c;padding:12px 0 0;display:flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px}.figure-action{color:#788fac;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11px;flex-shrink:0}.method-spread{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:52px}.method-spread article{min-width:0}.method-spread article>p{font-size:15px;line-height:1.9;color:var(--muted);margin:12px 0 28px;min-height:86px;max-width:500px}.method-spread .artwork{padding:28px;background:#fafbfc;border-color:#eef0f3}.method-spread .artwork img{height:430px;object-fit:contain}.research-chapter{background:#f5f7fa;border-block:1px solid #edf0f4}.goal-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:32px;margin:0 0 40px;padding-block:24px;border-top:1px solid #dfe4ec;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe4ec}.design-point{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:16px;min-width:0}.point-number{color:var(--blue);font-size:12px;padding-top:6px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;flex-shrink:0}.design-point h3{font-size:16px;line-height:1.65}.design-point p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px}.analysis-figure .artwork{padding:12px;background:#fff;border-color:#e0e4ea}.decision-list{max-width:920px;margin:52px auto 0}.decision-list>h3{margin-bottom:12px}.decision-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:36px 1fr 24px;gap:16px;align-items:center;padding:22px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #dce1e9}.decision-row:hover h4{color:var(--blue)}.decision-row p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted);margin-top:3px}.decision-letter{font:24px/1 PortfolioDisplay,Georgia,serif;color:#8ca6c9}.decision-row>span:last-child{color:#8295ac}.workflow-detail{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.2fr 1fr;gap:54px;align-items:center;padding:30px 36px;margin-bottom:32px;border-radius:8px;background:var(--blue-light)}.toolbar-figure .artwork{background:transparent;border:0;border-radius:0}.toolbar-figure figcaption{padding-top:18px}.workflow-detail p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.85;color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px}.full-editor .artwork{box-shadow:0 14px 38px -22px #39506e44}.annotation-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:36px;padding:28px 0 0}.settings-chapter{background:#f4f7fb;border-block:1px solid #e8eef5}.settings-feature{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 245px;gap:50px;align-items:center;margin-bottom:36px}.settings-feature .artwork{background:#fff;box-shadow:0 12px 36px -26px #455d7d60}.settings-notes{display:grid;gap:32px}.settings-pair{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:30px}.settings-pair .artwork{background:#fff}.settings-pair .artwork img{aspect-ratio:961/680;object-fit:contain}.component-board{background:linear-gradient(125deg,#f2f5fa,#f7f8fa 58%,#faf6f0);padding:36px;border-radius:8px}.board-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:24px;margin-bottom:28px}.board-heading p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted)}.question-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:30px;align-items:start}.question-card .artwork{background:transparent;border:0;border-radius:0}.question-card .artwork img{height:190px;object-fit:contain}.question-card:last-child{grid-column:1/-1;width:64%;justify-self:center}.question-card:last-child .artwork img{height:auto;max-height:210px}.question-card figcaption{justify-content:center;font-size:11px}.question-card .figure-action{display:none}.control-section{margin-top:52px}.control-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,minmax(0,1fr));gap:24px;padding:20px 0}.control-card .artwork{border:0;border-radius:0;background:transparent}.control-card .artwork img{height:240px;object-fit:contain}.control-card figcaption{justify-content:center;font-size:12px}.control-card .figure-action{display:none}.reflection-chapter{position:relative;background:var(--paper);border-top:1px solid #e5dfd3}.reflection-inner{max-width:900px}.reflection-copy{font-size:17px;line-height:2;color:#575950;margin-top:24px;max-width:790px}.scope-note{font-size:13px;line-height:1.9;color:#858174;margin-top:28px;max-width:760px}.anchor-alias{position:absolute;top:0;scroll-margin-top:90px}.closing{padding-block:68px}.closing .chapter-kicker{color:#8b8276}.next-project{font-family:var(--display);font-size:clamp(32px,4vw,46px);display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;line-height:1.4;max-width:700px}.next-project:hover{color:var(--blue)}.closing>p:last-child{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:14px}.site-footer{padding:28px var(--gutter);background:#f7f7f5;border-top:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:32px;justify-content:space-between;font-size:12px;color:#7c7f83;line-height:1.8}.site-footer details{max-width:530px}.site-footer summary{cursor:pointer}.site-footer p{margin-top:12px}.site-footer details a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.site-footer>a{white-space:nowrap;display:flex;gap:8px}.direction-icon{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:middle}.direction-icon svg{width:16px;height:16px}.direction-diagonal{transform:rotate(-45deg)}html.image-dialog-open{overflow:hidden}.image-dialog{padding:0;border:1px solid #e0e3e7;border-radius:10px;width:min(1500px,calc(100vw - 40px));max-width:none;height:calc(100dvh - 40px);max-height:none;color:var(--ink);background:#f4f6f9;overflow:hidden}.image-dialog::backdrop{background:#101923b8;-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(6px);backdrop-filter:blur(6px)}.image-dialog[open]{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.lightbox-toolbar{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:24px;justify-content:space-between;min-height:66px;padding:12px 20px;border-bottom:1px solid #dce1e8;background:#fff;flex:0 0 auto}.lightbox-toolbar p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.7;max-width:55%}.lightbox-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-shrink:0}.lightbox-actions button{border:1px solid #dce1e8;background:#fff;border-radius:4px;padding:7px 11px;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;min-height:34px}.lightbox-actions button:hover{background:#eef4fc;border-color:#b8cbe6}.lightbox-actions button[data-close-lightbox]{margin-left:4px}.lightbox-stage{flex:1;min-height:0;overflow:auto;overscroll-behavior:contain;position:relative;padding:20px;touch-action:pan-x pan-y pinch-zoom}.lightbox-image{max-width:none;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;-webkit-user-drag:none;flex-shrink:0}.lightbox-canvas{position:relative}@media(min-width:1600px){:root{--page-width:1280px}.hero-inner{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 290px;gap:100px}.hero-art img{width:260px;max-height:310px}}@media(max-width:1050px){.hero-inner{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 185px;gap:40px}.hero-art img{width:180px;max-height:235px}.hero-facts{gap:24px}.method-spread{gap:32px}.method-spread .artwork{padding:18px}.method-spread .artwork img{height:360px}.nav-inner{gap:25px}.chapter-nav a{font-size:12px;gap:7px}.chapter{padding-block:76px}.settings-feature{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 200px;gap:28px}.goal-row,.annotation-row{gap:22px}.workflow-detail{gap:28px;padding:24px}.control-grid{gap:16px}.control-card .artwork img{height:200px}.question-card .artwork img{height:160px}.site-footer{gap:20px}.site-footer details{max-width:45%}}@media(max-width:760px){:root{--gutter:24px;scroll-padding-top:0}.site-header{min-height:68px;gap:14px}.wordmark{font-size:15px}.back-link{margin:0 0 0 auto;font-size:12px;gap:6px}.languages{gap:8px;font-size:12px}.hero{padding-bottom:28px}.hero-inner{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 110px;gap:15px;padding:34px 0 28px;align-items:start}.hero-copy{grid-column:1/-1;position:relative}.hero-art{position:absolute;right:14px;top:100px;opacity:.16;width:120px;pointer-events:none}.hero-art:before,.hero-art span{display:none}.hero-art img{width:120px;height:180px;object-fit:contain}h1{font-size:38px;max-width:90%;position:relative;z-index:1}:lang(zh-CN) h1{font-size:36px;max-width:92%}.eyebrow{font-size:11px;margin-bottom:17px}.hero-summary{font-size:15px;line-height:1.85;position:relative;z-index:1;margin-top:17px;max-width:95%}.hero-facts{gap:20px;flex-direction:column;margin-top:24px;font-size:12px}.hero-facts dt{margin-bottom:0}.hero-facts>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:70px 1fr;gap:16px}.text-link{margin-top:20px;font-size:13px;padding-block:7px}.hero-preview{width:calc(100% - 32px)}.cover-figure .artwork{border-radius:5px}.cover-figure figcaption{padding-inline:8px}.nav-inner{width:100%;padding:0 24px;gap:26px}.chapter-nav a{padding:16px 0 14px;font-size:12px;gap:6px}.nav-number{font-size:10px}.chapter{padding-block:56px;scroll-margin-top:53px}.chapter-heading{margin-bottom:28px}.chapter-kicker{font-size:11px;margin-bottom:12px}h2{font-size:27px;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:-.02em}h3{font-size:19px}.chapter-intro{font-size:15px;line-height:1.9;margin-top:16px}.method-spread{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:36px}.method-spread article>p{min-height:0;font-size:14px;margin:10px 0 20px}.method-spread .artwork{padding:22px}.method-spread .artwork img{height:auto;max-height:440px;object-fit:contain}figcaption{font-size:11px;line-height:1.75;gap:12px;padding-top:10px}.figure-action{font-size:10px}.goal-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:22px;padding-block:22px;margin-bottom:28px}.design-point{gap:14px}.design-point h3{font-size:16px}.design-point p{font-size:13px;margin-top:5px;line-height:1.85}.analysis-figure .artwork{padding:5px}.analysis-figure figcaption{align-items:flex-start}.decision-list{margin-top:30px}.decision-list>h3{font-size:18px}.decision-row{grid-template-columns:25px 1fr 18px;gap:12px;padding:19px 0}.decision-row h4{font-size:15px}.decision-row p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.85}.workflow-detail{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px;padding:24px 18px;margin-bottom:24px}.workflow-detail h3{font-size:17px}.workflow-detail p{font-size:13px}.toolbar-figure figcaption{padding-top:12px}.annotation-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:23px;padding-top:24px}.settings-feature{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px;margin-bottom:32px}.settings-notes{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:22px}.settings-notes .design-point{flex-direction:column;gap:6px}.settings-notes .point-number{padding-top:0}.settings-notes .design-point h3{font-size:15px}.settings-pair{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px}.settings-pair .artwork img{aspect-ratio:auto}.component-board{padding:24px 16px;margin-inline:-8px;border-radius:5px}.board-heading{display:block;margin-bottom:24px}.board-heading h3{font-size:19px}.board-heading p{font-size:13px;margin-top:7px}.question-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:26px}.question-card .artwork img{height:auto;max-height:220px;object-fit:contain}.question-card:last-child{grid-column:auto;width:100%}.question-card:last-child .artwork img{max-height:none}.question-card figcaption{padding-top:7px}.control-section{margin-top:34px}.control-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:28px 18px;padding:0}.control-card .artwork img{height:200px}.control-card:first-child{grid-column:1/-1;width:85%;justify-self:center}.control-card:first-child .artwork img{height:auto}.reflection-copy{font-size:15px;line-height:1.95;margin-top:18px}.scope-note{font-size:12px;margin-top:24px}.closing{padding-block:48px}.next-project{font-size:34px}.closing>p:last-child{font-size:13px}.site-footer{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:18px;font-size:11px;padding-block:24px}.site-footer>span{flex:1}.site-footer details{order:3;flex-basis:100%;max-width:100%}.site-footer>a{margin-left:auto}.image-dialog{width:100vw;height:100dvh;border-radius:0;border:0;margin:0}.lightbox-toolbar{padding:12px 14px;display:block}.lightbox-toolbar p{font-size:12px;max-width:100%;margin-bottom:10px}.lightbox-actions{gap:6px;justify-content:flex-end}.lightbox-actions button{padding:7px 9px;font-size:11px;min-height:38px}.lightbox-actions button[data-close-lightbox]{margin-left:auto}.lightbox-stage{padding:12px}}@media(max-width:360px){:root{--gutter:18px}.site-header{gap:10px}.wordmark{font-size:13px}.back-link{font-size:11px}.languages{font-size:11px;gap:6px}h1,:lang(zh-CN) h1{font-size:32px}.hero-facts>div{grid-template-columns:62px 1fr;gap:10px}h2{font-size:25px}.settings-notes{grid-template-columns:1fr}.lightbox-actions button{padding:7px}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){:root{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*:before,*:after{animation:none!important;transition:none!important}}@font-face{font-family:Fauna;src:url(../../assets/fonts/fauna-one.06622f16321e.woff2);font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:Display;src:url(../../assets/fonts/dm-serif-display.fc6cc7ec6a4e.woff2) format("woff2");font-display:swap}:root,:root:lang(en),:root:lang(zh-CN){--paper:#f3ead5;--canvas:#f3ead5;--ink:#30291f;--muted:#756650;--line:#59452e38;--warm-ink:#443c31;--blue:#59452e;--blue-light:#f8f3e7b3;--body:Fauna,"Source Han Serif SC",Georgia,serif;--display:Display,"Source Han Serif SC",Georgia,serif;font-family:var(--body);font-synthesis:none;background:var(--paper)}body{isolation:isolate}.site-header,main,.site-footer{position:relative;z-index:2}.site-header{background:#f3ead54d;border-color:var(--line);min-height:88px}.site-header .back-link{font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;min-height:44px}.languages{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5}.languages a{min-height:44px;display:flex;align-items:center}.reading-progress{width:100%;transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:left}.hero{background:none;position:relative;isolation:isolate}.hero-inner{display:block;padding-block:64px 46px}.hero-copy{max-width:900px}.hero h1,html:lang(zh-CN) .hero h1{font:400 clamp(44px,4.6vw,68px)/1.1 var(--display);letter-spacing:-.025em;max-width:100%}html:lang(zh-CN) .hero h1{line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:.02em}.hero .hero-summary{font-size:18px;line-height:1.75;max-width:720px;margin-block:26px}.hero-facts{font-size:14px}.hero .text-link{font-size:16px;min-height:48px;line-height:1.5}.eyebrow,.hero-facts dt{color:var(--muted)}h2,h3,h4{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:400}.sample-heading-clause{display:inline-block;max-width:100%;vertical-align:top}.chapter-heading h2,.reflection-inner h2{font-size:clamp(38px,4.1vw,62px);line-height:1.18;letter-spacing:-.025em}html:lang(zh-CN) :is(.chapter-heading h2,.reflection-inner h2){line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:.025em}.chapter-intro,.reflection-copy{font-size:18px;line-height:1.85}.method-spread article>p{font-size:16px;min-height:0}.method-spread article{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.method-spread article>figure{margin-top:auto}.chapter-kicker{font-weight:400}.chapter-nav{background:#f3ead5e8;border-color:var(--line)}.chapter-nav a{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted)}.nav-number{color:#756650a6}.chapter{scroll-margin-top:68px}.research-chapter,.settings-chapter,.reflection-chapter{background:transparent;border-color:var(--line)}.goal-row,.decision-row{border-color:var(--line)}.decision-letter{font-family:var(--display);color:#9b8666}.decision-row>span:last-child{color:var(--muted)}.workflow-detail{background:#f8f3e7b3}.component-board{background:linear-gradient(125deg,#f8f3e7c7,#fffdf7a6)}.artwork{isolation:isolate;background:#fff;border-color:#d8d0bf}.method-spread .artwork{background:#fcfcfb;border-color:#e7e3db}.artwork:hover{border-color:#a28a68;box-shadow:0 5px 24px -12px #59452e44}figcaption,.cover-figure figcaption,.figure-action{color:var(--muted);font-size:13px;line-height:1.75}.figure-action{font-size:12px}.question-card figcaption,.control-card figcaption{font-size:12px}.scope-note{color:var(--muted)}.closing .next-project{font-size:clamp(38px,4.5vw,68px);line-height:1.2}.site-footer{background:#f8f3e773;color:var(--muted)}.lightbox-toolbar p{font-size:14px}.lightbox-actions button{min-height:44px}.atmosphere{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:0;display:block;overflow:hidden;pointer-events:none;background:none;contain:strict;opacity:.58}.atmosphere .case-cloud-field{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;filter:blur(3px)}.atmosphere .case-cloud-field[hidden]{display:none}.atmosphere[data-cloud-state=fallback]:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:-32px;background:url(../../assets/case-cloud-fallback.169654f20539.svg?v=coherent-cloud-20260930) repeat;background-size:1200px 900px;filter:blur(3px);animation:case-fog-fallback 40s linear infinite}@keyframes case-fog-fallback{0%{background-position:0 0}to{background-position:1200px -900px}}.atmosphere[data-paused]:before{animation-play-state:paused}.sculpture-world{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:1;overflow:hidden;pointer-events:none}.sculpture-stage{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;opacity:.1;mix-blend-mode:multiply;pointer-events:none}.sculpture-stage canvas{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%}.sculpture-poster{position:absolute;left:var(--sculpture-x,78%);top:var(--sculpture-y,48%);width:86vh;height:100vh;max-width:none;object-fit:contain;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(var(--sculpture-size,.9))}.sculpture-stage[data-loaded=true] .sculpture-poster{opacity:0}.sculpture-stage canvas[hidden]{display:none}@media(max-width:1050px)and (min-width:761px){.hero h1,html:lang(zh-CN) .hero h1{font-size:clamp(32px,4.6vw,48px)}}@media(max-width:760px){.site-header{min-height:76px;gap:8px}.site-header .back-link{font-size:12px;gap:5px;margin-right:0}.languages{font-size:12px;gap:7px;flex-shrink:0}.hero-inner{padding-block:36px 28px}.hero-copy{max-width:100%}.hero h1,html:lang(zh-CN) .hero h1{font-size:clamp(34px,10vw,40px);line-height:1.15;max-width:100%}html:lang(zh-CN) .hero h1{font-size:clamp(30px,9.5vw,38px);line-height:1.42}.hero .hero-summary{font-size:17px;line-height:1.8;margin-block:20px;max-width:100%}.hero-facts{font-size:12px}.hero-facts>div{grid-template-columns:78px 1fr;gap:14px}.hero .text-link{font-size:14px}.chapter-heading h2,.reflection-inner h2{font-size:30px;line-height:1.4}.chapter-intro,.reflection-copy{font-size:17px;line-height:1.85}.method-spread article>p{font-size:15px}.chapter-nav a{font-size:12px;line-height:1.5}.chapter{scroll-margin-top:55px}.chapter-kicker{font-size:12px}.closing .next-project{font-size:36px}.lightbox-toolbar p{font-size:12px}.lightbox-actions button{padding-inline:8px}.atmosphere .case-cloud-field,.atmosphere[data-cloud-state=fallback]:before{filter:blur(2px)}.sculpture-stage{opacity:.06}}@media(max-width:360px){.chapter-heading h2,.reflection-inner h2{font-size:30px}.hero-facts>div{grid-template-columns:62px 1fr;gap:10px}.site-header .back-link{font-size:11px}.lightbox-actions button{padding-inline:6px}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.atmosphere:before{animation:none}}@font-face{font-family:"Source Han Serif SC";src:url(../../assets/fonts/source-han-serif-sc-light.8cc5cb3c15ec.woff2?v=visual-copy-20261108) format("woff2");font-weight:300;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Source Han Serif SC";src:url(../../assets/fonts/source-han-serif-sc-bold.d110e245868f.woff2?v=visual-copy-20261108) format("woff2");font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}html:lang(zh-CN) :is(#stage,#contact-dialog,#design-menu,body) .chinese-text{font-family:"Source Han Serif SC",serif!important;font-weight:300!important;font-synthesis:none!important;letter-spacing:0!important;font-size:var(--chinese-body-size)!important}html:lang(zh-CN) :is(#stage,#contact-dialog,#design-menu,body) .chinese-heading{font-weight:700!important}html:lang(zh-CN) #menu-layer #design-menu .chinese-text{font-size:inherit!important}html:lang(zh-CN) #home [data-node-id="5486:24355"]{letter-spacing:0!important}html:lang(zh-CN) .cjk-punct{inline-size:auto;font-feature-settings:normal}html:lang(zh-CN) [data-cjk-align=right] .terminal-punct{inline-size:auto}.project-copy-break{display:none}@media(min-width:760px){html:lang(zh-CN) .project-copy-break{display:initial}html:lang(zh-CN) :is(.project-summary,.method-list p){text-wrap:balance}html:lang(zh-CN) [data-cjk-align=right] :is(.terminal-punct,.line-end-punct){inline-size:0;overflow:visible}}:root{--case-tone-1:#59452e70;--case-tone-2:#faf7eeaa;--case-tone-3:#806d52;--case-tone-4:#f9f6ed88;--case-tone-5:#59452e66;--case-tone-6:#faf7eea8;--case-tone-7:#25312d;--case-tone-8:#d9e3dd;--case-tone-9:#daf1e4;--case-tone-10:#f5f7f6;--case-tone-11:#5d6861;--case-tone-12:#fae5e5;--case-tone-13:#a63333;--case-tone-14:#59452e;--case-tone-15:#fbf8f0b3;--case-tone-16:#59452e80;--case-tone-17:#ede1c8;--case-tone-18:#30291f;--case-tone-19:#ece2ce;--case-tone-20:#fcfaf5;--case-tone-21:#9b8666;--case-tone-22:#faf7ee88;--case-tone-23:#927a5470}:root,:root:lang(en),:root:lang(zh-CN){--page-width:1180px;--muted:var(--hm-secondary)}.hero{padding-bottom:22px}.hero-inner{padding-block:70px 52px}.hero-copy{max-width:980px}.hero .hero-summary{max-width:810px;margin-bottom:0}.chapter{position:relative;padding-block:104px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);scroll-margin-top:78px}.chapter-heading{max-width:1040px;margin-bottom:24px}.chapter-intro{max-width:860px;margin:0 0 48px}.chapter p{line-height:1.95;font-size:16px}.chapter>p:not(.chapter-intro){max-width:890px}.chapter .chapter-intro{font-size:18px;line-height:1.9}.chapter h3{font-size:27px;line-height:1.5}.chapter h4{font-size:21px;line-height:1.5}.chapter-heading h2{font-size:clamp(34px,3.6vw,52px);line-height:1.3}.chapter .source-note,.source-note{font-size:13px;line-height:1.85;color:var(--muted);margin-top:20px;max-width:890px}.small-label{font-size:13px!important;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.6!important}.chapter-nav a{min-height:62px;font-size:13px}.nav-inner{gap:24px}.anchor-alias{position:absolute;top:0;scroll-margin-top:78px}.reading-progress{background:var(--blue)}.role-spread{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.15fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:70px;align-items:start}.role-spread h3{margin-bottom:18px}.role-spread p{color:var(--muted)}.responsibility-list>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:100px minmax(0,1fr);gap:22px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:18px 0}.responsibility-list>div:first-child{padding-top:0}.responsibility-list dt{font-size:16px}.responsibility-list dd{font-size:15px;line-height:1.85;color:var(--muted)}.task-journey{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:40px 0;display:grid;grid-auto-flow:column;grid-auto-columns:1fr;gap:22px}.task-journey li{position:relative;min-width:0;padding:18px 12px 18px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--case-tone-1);font-size:15px;line-height:1.8}.task-journey li:not(:last-child):after{content:"\2192";position:absolute;right:-14px;top:17px;color:var(--muted);font-family:var(--body)}.workspace-figure{margin-top:40px}.workspace-figure .artwork{border-radius:6px}.evidence-origin{max-width:890px;margin-top:46px}.evidence-origin h3{margin-bottom:15px}.persona-list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(230px,1fr));gap:32px;margin:22px 0 34px;padding-block:24px 30px;border-block:1px solid var(--line)}.persona-list article{min-width:0}.persona-list h4{margin-bottom:12px}.persona-list p{color:var(--muted);font-size:15px}.persona-list .persona-goal{color:var(--ink);margin-top:12px}.evidence-spread{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:48px;margin:36px 0 46px;align-items:start}.evidence-spread h3{margin-bottom:15px}.evidence-spread>div>p{color:var(--muted)}.problem-definition{background:var(--case-tone-2);border-left:2px solid var(--case-tone-3);padding:26px 30px}.problem-definition p{font-size:24px;line-height:1.65;margin-top:13px;color:var(--ink)}.chapter>.problem-definition{margin:32px 0}.design-decisions{margin-block:32px 44px}.design-decisions article{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(220px,.7fr) minmax(0,1.3fr);gap:44px;padding:28px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.design-decisions h3{font-size:24px}.design-decisions p{color:var(--muted)}.contribution{display:grid;grid-template-columns:200px minmax(0,1fr);gap:40px;margin-top:48px;padding-top:28px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.contribution h3{font-size:23px}.contribution p{max-width:850px;color:var(--muted)}.design-figure{margin:0;min-width:0}.artwork{background:var(--hm-control);border-radius:6px}.artwork img{width:100%;height:auto;object-fit:contain}.design-figure figcaption{align-items:flex-start;gap:16px;padding-top:13px}.figure-action{white-space:nowrap}.chart-board{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,320px) minmax(0,320px) minmax(0,1fr);gap:30px;align-items:start;background:var(--case-tone-4);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;padding:30px}.chart-board-note{padding:18px 0 0 6px}.chart-board-note h3{font-size:27px;line-height:1.65;margin-bottom:18px}.chart-board-note p{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted)}.chart-board figcaption{display:block}.chart-board .figure-action{display:block;margin-top:6px}.chart-board .artwork{box-shadow:0 8px 24px -22px var(--case-tone-5)}.series-detail{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,320px) minmax(0,1fr);gap:54px;align-items:start}.series-detail h3{margin-bottom:18px}.series-original{max-width:320px}.series-original .artwork{max-height:680px;overflow:auto}.series-original .artwork img{max-height:none}.series-detail p{max-width:650px}.formatting-spread{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 320px;gap:70px;align-items:start;margin-top:42px}.formatting-spread .design-decisions{margin-top:0}.formatting-spread .design-decisions article{display:block;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:28px}.formatting-spread .design-decisions h3{margin-bottom:12px}.conditional-detail{width:100%;max-width:320px}.conditional-detail .artwork{aspect-ratio:320/570;overflow:hidden}.conditional-detail .artwork img{max-height:none;object-fit:initial}.conditional-detail figcaption{display:block}.conditional-detail .figure-action{display:block;margin-top:6px}.rule-demo{position:relative;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:42px;align-items:center;padding:36px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;background:var(--case-tone-6);margin-top:40px}.rule-copy h3{margin-bottom:15px}.rule-copy p{color:var(--muted)}.example-table-wrap{min-width:0;overflow-x:auto}.example-table{border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--hm-control);width:100%;font-family:var(--body);font-size:14px;color:var(--case-tone-7)}.example-table th,.example-table td{padding:13px 10px;border:1px solid var(--case-tone-8);text-align:left;white-space:nowrap}.example-table thead th{background:var(--case-tone-9)}.example-table th:first-child{background:var(--case-tone-10);color:var(--case-tone-11)}.example-table .flagged{background:var(--case-tone-12);color:var(--case-tone-13);font-weight:700}.chapter .example-caption{font-size:13px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);margin-top:12px}.scope-toggle{border:0;padding:0;margin:0 0 14px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:5px 18px;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.scope-toggle legend{padding:0;margin-bottom:8px}.scope-toggle label{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;min-height:44px;cursor:pointer}.scope-toggle input{accent-color:var(--case-tone-14)}.example-table [hidden]{display:none}.supporting{margin-top:35px;border-block:1px solid var(--line);padding-block:20px}.supporting summary{cursor:pointer;min-height:44px;display:list-item;align-content:center;font-size:18px;line-height:1.8}.details-body{padding-top:28px;padding-bottom:8px}.details-body>p{max-width:880px}.film-gallery{margin-top:48px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;background:var(--case-tone-15);padding:32px;scroll-margin-top:82px}.gallery-heading{margin-bottom:26px}.gallery-heading h3{margin-bottom:10px}.gallery-heading p{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}.film-tabs{display:flex;gap:8px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);overflow-x:auto;padding-bottom:14px}.film-tabs button{border:1px solid transparent;background:transparent;padding:10px 14px;min-height:44px;white-space:nowrap;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;border-radius:4px;color:var(--muted)}.film-tabs button[aria-selected=true]{border-color:var(--case-tone-16);background:var(--case-tone-17);color:var(--case-tone-18)}.film-tabs button:hover{background:var(--case-tone-19)}.film-tabs button:active{transform:translateY(1px)}.video-figure{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,680px) minmax(0,1fr);gap:32px;align-items:center;margin-top:30px}.video-figure video{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:1236/1120;object-fit:contain;background:var(--case-tone-20);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px}.film-caption h4{margin-bottom:14px}.film-caption p{color:var(--muted);font-size:15px}.video-figure[hidden]{display:none}[data-film-gallery]:not([data-enhanced=ready]) [role=tabpanel][hidden]{display:grid}.onboarding-proposal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.15fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:42px;align-items:start}.onboarding-proposal h3{margin-bottom:18px}.feature-results{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:0 54px}.feature-results article{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:28px 0 35px;min-width:0}.feature-results article>p{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted)}.metric-row{display:flex;gap:34px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:24px 0}.metric{min-width:0}.metric strong{display:block;font:400 clamp(42px,5vw,68px)/1.2 var(--display);letter-spacing:-.04em}.metric span{font-size:13px;display:block;color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px;line-height:1.7}.supporting-results{margin-top:30px;max-width:890px}.supporting-results h3{margin-bottom:16px}.measurement-table{overflow-x:auto}.measurement-table table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;text-align:left}.measurement-table th,.measurement-table td{padding:18px 18px 18px 0;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:14px;line-height:1.85;min-width:180px}.measurement-table th{font-weight:500}.measurement-table thead th{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.measurement-table td{color:var(--muted)}.measurement-table th:first-child{width:21%}.measurement-table th:nth-child(2){width:47%}.impact-spread{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,.85fr) minmax(0,1.15fr);gap:60px;padding-block:20px 36px}.impact-scale strong{font:400 clamp(72px,9vw,132px)/1.2 var(--display);letter-spacing:-.05em;display:block}.impact-scale>p{margin-top:12px}.impact-outcomes{align-self:center}.impact-outcomes h3{margin-bottom:18px}.chapter .reflection-copy{font-size:22px;line-height:1.9;margin-top:48px;max-width:960px}.exploration{padding:42px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.exploration:first-of-type{padding-top:0}.exploration>.small-label{margin-bottom:14px}.exploration>h3{font-size:32px;margin-bottom:20px;max-width:1000px}.exploration>p{max-width:890px}.shimo-originals{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:30px;margin-top:35px;align-items:start}.shimo-originals .artwork img{max-height:440px;object-fit:contain}.shimo-originals figcaption{display:block}.shimo-originals .figure-action{display:block}.recipient-comparison{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:48px;margin:30px 0;border-left:2px solid var(--case-tone-21);padding-left:30px}.recipient-comparison h3{font-size:23px;margin-bottom:14px}.recipient-comparison p{color:var(--muted)}.workbook-index{padding:28px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;background:var(--case-tone-22);margin-top:35px}.workbook-index h3{font-size:23px;margin-bottom:24px}.workbook-index dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:30px}.workbook-index dt{font:24px/1.4 var(--display);margin-bottom:10px}.workbook-index dd{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.8}.chapter .closing-thought{font-size:24px;line-height:1.9;margin-top:46px;max-width:950px}@media(min-width:761px){.chapter-nav .nav-inner{justify-content:space-between}.hero .hero-summary{font-size:18px}}@media(max-width:1050px){.chart-board{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);max-width:750px;margin-inline:auto}.chart-board-note{grid-column:1/-1;padding:0}.chart-board-note h3{font-size:23px}.chart-board .design-figure{max-width:320px;justify-self:center}.role-spread{gap:38px}.formatting-spread{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 290px;gap:40px}.video-figure{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.7fr) minmax(0,1fr)}.chapter-nav .nav-inner{justify-content:flex-start}.design-decisions article{gap:32px}.contribution{grid-template-columns:160px minmax(0,1fr);gap:25px}}@media(max-width:760px){.hero-inner{padding-block:36px 30px}.hero{padding-bottom:14px}.hero h1,html:lang(zh-CN) .hero h1{font-size:36px;line-height:1.4}.hero .hero-summary{font-size:16px;line-height:1.85}.chapter{padding-block:64px;scroll-margin-top:65px}.chapter-heading{margin-bottom:20px}.chapter-heading h2{font-size:30px;line-height:1.45}.chapter .chapter-intro{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:34px}.chapter p{font-size:15px;line-height:1.9}.chapter h3{font-size:24px}.chapter h4{font-size:21px}.nav-inner{gap:25px}.chapter-nav a{min-height:56px;font-size:12px;padding-block:14px}.anchor-alias{scroll-margin-top:65px}.role-spread,.evidence-spread,.formatting-spread,.series-detail,.rule-demo,.onboarding-proposal,.impact-spread,.recipient-comparison{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:28px}.responsibility-list>div{grid-template-columns:95px minmax(0,1fr);gap:16px}.role-spread{gap:28px}.responsibility-list dt,.responsibility-list dd{font-size:14px}.task-journey{grid-auto-flow:row;grid-auto-columns:auto;gap:0;margin-block:28px}.task-journey li{padding:13px 0 13px 26px;border-top:0;border-left:1px solid var(--case-tone-23);font-size:14px}.task-journey li:not(:last-child):after{content:"\2193";inset:auto auto -10px -5px;background:var(--paper);font-size:14px}.task-journey li:last-child{border-color:transparent}.persona-list{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:24px;padding-block:24px}.persona-list article+article{padding-top:24px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.persona-list p{font-size:14px}.problem-definition{padding:22px}.problem-definition p{font-size:21px}.evidence-spread{margin-block:30px}.design-decisions{margin-block:26px}.design-decisions article{display:block;padding:24px 0}.design-decisions h3{font-size:22px;margin-bottom:13px}.contribution{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:14px;margin-top:32px;padding-top:24px}.contribution h3{font-size:22px}.chapter .source-note{font-size:12px}.chart-board{display:block;padding:20px;max-width:370px}.chart-board .design-figure{width:100%;max-width:320px;margin-inline:auto;margin-bottom:30px}.chart-board-note{padding:0}.chart-board-note h3{font-size:22px}.chart-board-note p{font-size:14px}.design-figure figcaption{display:block;font-size:12px}.figure-action{display:block;margin-top:6px}.conditional-detail{max-width:320px;margin-inline:auto}.formatting-spread{gap:20px}.series-original{justify-self:center;width:100%}.series-original .artwork{max-height:560px}.supporting summary{font-size:16px}.details-body{padding-top:22px}.rule-demo{padding:22px;gap:24px}.example-table{font-size:12px}.example-table th,.example-table td{padding:10px 8px}.scope-toggle{font-size:12px}.scope-toggle label{min-height:44px}.chapter .example-caption{font-size:12px}.film-gallery{padding:22px 18px;margin-top:32px;scroll-margin-top:66px}.film-tabs{gap:4px}.film-tabs button{font-size:12px;padding-inline:10px}.video-figure{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:22px}.film-caption p{font-size:14px}.gallery-heading p{font-size:13px}.feature-results{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:0}.feature-results article{padding-block:25px 30px}.metric-row{gap:30px;margin-block:20px}.metric strong{font-size:52px}.metric span{font-size:12px}.feature-results article>p{font-size:14px}.supporting-results h3{font-size:23px}.measurement-table th,.measurement-table td{font-size:13px;min-width:165px;padding-right:18px}.impact-spread{gap:28px;padding-block:0 20px}.impact-scale strong{font-size:90px}.chapter .reflection-copy,.chapter .closing-thought{font-size:21px;line-height:1.9;margin-top:32px}.exploration{padding-block:32px}.exploration>h3{font-size:26px}.shimo-originals{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:28px}.shimo-originals .design-figure{max-width:340px;justify-self:center}.recipient-comparison{padding-left:20px;gap:24px}.workbook-index{padding:22px}.workbook-index dl{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:22px}.workbook-index dt{font-size:22px}.workbook-index dd{font-size:14px}.lightbox-actions{flex-wrap:wrap}.lightbox-actions button{min-height:44px}.site-footer>a{min-height:44px;align-items:center}}@media(max-width:360px){.hero h1,html:lang(zh-CN) .hero h1{font-size:30px}.chapter-heading h2{font-size:27px}.rule-demo,.chart-board{padding:16px}.metric strong{font-size:46px}.metric-row{gap:24px}.film-gallery{padding:18px 14px}.lightbox-actions button{padding-inline:7px}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){:root{scroll-behavior:auto}.film-tabs button{transition:none}}html,body{overflow-x:clip}:root{--hm-paper:#f3ead5;--hm-ink:#30291f;--hm-secondary:#514a3f;--hm-rule:#c9bfaa;--hm-surface:#f7f2e7;--hm-control:#fcfaf5;--hm-focus:#59452e;--hm-selection:#e3d8c2;--hm-transparent:transparent;--hm-gap:40px}.chapter{--chapter-color:var(--hm-ink);--chapter-wash:var(--hm-surface);padding-block:72px;border-bottom:0}.chapter-heading{display:block;max-width:none;border-top:1px solid var(--hm-rule);padding-top:36px;margin-bottom:24px}.chapter-heading h2{max-width:1060px;font-size:clamp(30px,3.15vw,46px);min-width:0;overflow-wrap:break-word;text-wrap:balance;letter-spacing:0}.chapter .chapter-intro{margin-left:0;max-width:860px;margin-bottom:48px;font-size:18px;line-height:1.85;color:var(--hm-secondary)}h1,h2,h3,h4{min-width:0;overflow-wrap:break-word;text-wrap:balance}.chapter p{text-wrap:pretty}.chapter-nav{background:var(--hm-paper);-webkit-backdrop-filter:none;backdrop-filter:none;border-block:1px solid var(--hm-rule)}.chapter-nav .nav-inner{width:min(calc(100% - var(--gutter)*2),var(--page-width));padding-inline:0;gap:32px;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}.chapter-nav a{min-height:64px;padding-block:20px;font-family:var(--body);font-size:15px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:0;line-height:1.5;color:var(--hm-secondary);border-bottom:2px solid var(--hm-transparent);white-space:nowrap;transition:color .16s ease}.chapter-nav a:hover{color:var(--hm-ink)}.chapter-nav a.active,.chapter-nav a[aria-current]{font-weight:400;color:var(--hm-ink);border-color:var(--hm-ink)}.chapter-nav a:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--hm-focus);outline-offset:-5px}.chapter-heading svg,.chapter-nav svg{display:none}.persona-list{border:0;border-block:1px solid var(--hm-rule);border-radius:0;padding:28px 0;background:none;gap:var(--hm-gap)}.persona-list article+article{border-left:1px solid var(--hm-rule);padding-left:32px}.persona-list h4{font-size:21px;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:12px}.persona-list p,.persona-list .persona-goal{font-size:16px;color:var(--hm-secondary)}.task-journey{gap:24px}.task-journey li:after{display:none}.task-journey li{color:var(--hm-secondary);border-color:var(--hm-rule);line-height:1.75}.problem-definition{background:var(--hm-surface);border:0;padding:32px}.problem-definition .small-label{font-size:14px;color:var(--hm-secondary)}.problem-definition p{color:var(--hm-ink)}.chart-board,.film-gallery,.rule-demo,.validation-art-pair{background:var(--hm-surface);border:0;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:none}.artwork,.validation-wide .artwork{background:var(--hm-control);border-color:var(--hm-rule);border-radius:4px;box-shadow:none}.artwork:hover{box-shadow:none;border-color:var(--hm-focus)}.design-figure figcaption{padding-top:12px;color:var(--hm-secondary);font-size:13px;line-height:1.75}.film-tabs button[aria-selected=true]{background:var(--hm-paper);border-color:var(--hm-focus);color:var(--hm-ink)}.metric strong,.impact-scale strong{color:var(--hm-ink);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.contribution{border-top:1px solid var(--hm-rule);padding-top:28px;margin-top:48px}.validation-part{margin-top:48px}.validation-part>h3{font-size:30px;margin-bottom:16px;max-width:960px}.validation-part>p{max-width:880px;color:var(--hm-secondary);margin-bottom:32px}.validation-wide{margin-top:32px}.validation-highlights{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:var(--hm-gap);margin-top:32px}.validation-highlights h3{font-size:23px;margin-bottom:12px}.validation-highlights p{font-size:16px;color:var(--hm-secondary)}.scope-part{padding-top:48px;border-top:1px solid var(--hm-rule)}.boundary-cases{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0 var(--hm-gap);margin:32px 0}.boundary-cases article{padding:28px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--hm-rule)}.boundary-cases h4{font-size:23px;margin-bottom:12px}.boundary-cases p{font-size:16px;color:var(--hm-secondary)}.validation-art-pair{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:var(--hm-gap);align-items:start;padding:32px}.validation-art-pair .artwork{background:var(--hm-transparent);border:0}.validation-art-pair .artwork img{max-height:670px;object-fit:contain}.validation-art-pair figcaption{text-align:center;display:block}.atmosphere{opacity:.18}.site-footer{color:var(--hm-secondary)}:where(a,button,summary,input):focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--hm-focus);outline-offset:4px;transition:none}button:disabled{color:var(--hm-secondary);background:var(--hm-surface);cursor:not-allowed}::selection{background:var(--hm-selection);color:var(--hm-ink)}body{caret-color:var(--hm-ink);scrollbar-color:var(--hm-rule) var(--hm-paper)}.image-dialog{width:min(1500px,calc(100% - 40px))}html.image-dialog-open{overflow-x:clip}@media(max-width:1050px){.chapter-nav .nav-inner{justify-content:flex-start;gap:28px}.chapter-nav a{font-size:14px}}@media(max-width:760px){.chapter{padding-block:48px}.chapter-heading{padding-top:24px;margin-bottom:20px}.chapter-heading h2{font-size:30px;line-height:1.5}.chapter .chapter-intro{font-size:17px;margin-bottom:32px}.chapter p{font-size:16px}.chapter-nav .nav-inner{width:100%;padding-inline:24px;gap:28px}.chapter-nav a{min-height:56px;padding-block:16px;font-size:14px}.persona-list{padding-block:24px;gap:24px}.persona-list article+article{border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--hm-rule);padding:24px 0 0}.persona-list h4{font-size:21px}.problem-definition{padding:24px}.problem-definition p{font-size:21px}.validation-part{margin-top:36px}.validation-part>h3{font-size:26px}.validation-highlights,.boundary-cases,.validation-art-pair{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:24px}.boundary-cases{gap:0}.validation-art-pair{padding:16px}.scope-part{padding-top:32px}.contribution{margin-top:32px}.atmosphere{opacity:.12}}@media(max-width:360px){.chapter-heading h2{font-size:28px}.chapter-nav .nav-inner{padding-inline:18px}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*:before,*:after{transition:none!important;animation:none!important}}.closing .chapter-kicker{color:var(--hm-secondary)}.site-footer a{white-space:nowrap}.design-decisions article{align-items:start}.design-decisions h3{margin-bottom:0}.persona-list{border:0;padding:12px 0 0;margin-bottom:32px}.persona-list article+article{border:0;padding-left:0}.user-path{background:var(--hm-surface);padding:26px 32px 30px;margin:36px 0 42px;border-radius:4px}.chapter .path-label{font:14px/1.5 var(--body);color:var(--hm-secondary);margin:0}.user-path .task-journey{display:grid;grid-auto-flow:column;grid-auto-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:38px;list-style:none;margin:24px 0 0;padding:0}.user-path .task-journey li{display:grid;grid-template-rows:28px auto;gap:12px;align-content:start;position:relative;min-width:0;padding:0;border:0;color:var(--hm-ink);line-height:1.65}.path-step{font:22px/28px var(--body);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;color:var(--hm-secondary)}.path-action{font-size:17px;overflow-wrap:break-word;min-width:0}.user-path .task-journey li:not(:last-child):after{display:block;content:"\2192";position:absolute;inset:0 -27px auto auto;background:none;font:22px/28px var(--body);color:var(--hm-secondary)}@media(max-width:760px){.persona-list{padding:8px 0 0;gap:28px;margin-bottom:28px}.persona-list article+article{padding:0;border:0}.user-path{padding:22px 24px 26px;margin-block:28px 34px}.user-path .task-journey{grid-auto-flow:row;grid-auto-columns:auto;gap:30px;margin-top:24px}.user-path .task-journey li{grid-template-columns:30px minmax(0,1fr);grid-template-rows:auto;gap:16px;align-items:center}.path-step{font-size:19px}.path-action{font-size:16px}.user-path .task-journey li:not(:last-child):after{content:"\2193";inset:auto auto -29px 5px;font-size:18px;line-height:28px}}:root{--rule-major:var(--hm-ink);--rule-section:#756b5a;--rule-column:#b8ac96;--rule-detail:#d5ccb9}.chapter-nav{border-block:1px solid var(--hm-rule)}.chapter-heading{position:relative;border-top:2px solid var(--rule-section);padding-top:28px}:is(#structure,#verification,#contributions)>.chapter-heading{border-top:3px solid var(--rule-major);padding-top:40px}:is(#structure,#verification,#contributions)>.chapter-heading:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:6px 0 auto;height:1px;background:var(--rule-section)}.responsibility-list>div{border-bottom:0}.responsibility-list>div+div{border-top:1px solid var(--rule-detail)}.design-decisions article{border-bottom:0}.design-decisions article+article{border-top:1px solid var(--rule-detail)}.formatting-spread .design-decisions article+article{border:0;padding-top:0}.contribution{position:relative;border:0;padding-top:28px}.contribution:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:64px;height:2px;background:var(--rule-section)}.supporting{border-top:1px solid var(--rule-column);border-bottom:0}.supporting[open]{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule-detail)}.scope-part{border-top:1px solid var(--rule-section)}.boundary-cases{gap:0}.boundary-cases article{padding:28px 32px;border:0}.boundary-cases article:nth-child(odd){padding-left:0}.boundary-cases article:nth-child(2n){border-left:1px solid var(--rule-column);padding-right:0}.boundary-cases article:nth-child(n+3){border-top:1px solid var(--rule-detail)}.feature-results{gap:0}.feature-results article{padding:28px 32px 36px;border:0}.feature-results article:nth-child(odd){padding-left:0}.feature-results article:nth-child(2n){border-left:1px solid var(--rule-column);padding-right:0}.feature-results article:nth-child(n+3){border-top:1px solid var(--rule-detail)}.measurement-table th,.measurement-table td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule-detail)}.measurement-table thead th{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule-section)}.measurement-table tbody tr:last-child :is(th,td){border-bottom:0}.exploration{border-bottom:0}.exploration+.exploration{border-top:1px solid var(--rule-section);margin-top:12px}.recipient-comparison{border:0;padding-left:0;gap:0}.recipient-comparison>div:first-child{padding-right:32px}.recipient-comparison>div+div{border-left:1px solid var(--rule-column);padding-left:32px}.workbook-index{border:0}.closing{border-top:3px double var(--rule-section)}.site-footer{border-top-color:var(--rule-detail)}@media(max-width:760px){.chapter-heading{padding-top:24px}:is(#structure,#verification,#contributions)>.chapter-heading{padding-top:32px}.boundary-cases article,.feature-results article{padding:24px 0 28px}.boundary-cases article:nth-child(2n),.feature-results article:nth-child(2n){border-left:0;padding-left:0}.boundary-cases article+article,.feature-results article+article{border-top:1px solid var(--rule-detail)}.recipient-comparison{gap:24px}.recipient-comparison>div:first-child{padding-right:0}.recipient-comparison>div+div{border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule-detail);padding:24px 0 0}.contribution:before{width:48px}}.chapter{scroll-margin-top:0;min-height:calc(100svh - var(--chapter-nav-height));padding-block:48px 136px}.chapter>.chapter-heading,:is(#structure,#verification,#contributions)>.chapter-heading{border:0;padding-top:0}:is(#structure,#verification,#contributions)>.chapter-heading:before{content:none}.chapter-label{display:inline-block;font:13px/1.5 var(--body);color:var(--hm-secondary);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;padding:5px 10px;background:var(--hm-surface);border:1px solid var(--rule-detail);border-radius:3px;margin-bottom:20px;letter-spacing:0}.closing,.anchor-alias{scroll-margin-top:0}.closing{border-top:0}.film-gallery{scroll-margin-top:16px}@media(max-width:760px){:root{--chapter-nav-height:60px}.chapter{padding-block:32px 88px}.chapter-label{font-size:12px;padding:4px 8px;margin-bottom:16px}}.film-gallery .film-tabs{width:max-content;max-width:100%;gap:4px;padding:5px;border:0;border-radius:12px;background:#5348340e;scrollbar-width:thin;scroll-padding-inline:5px}.film-gallery .film-tabs button{flex:0 0 auto;border:0;border-radius:8px;min-height:44px;padding:10px 18px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--hm-secondary);transition:background .16s ease,color .16s ease,box-shadow .16s ease}.film-gallery .film-tabs button:hover{background:#faf7ee1f;color:var(--hm-ink)}.film-gallery .film-tabs button[aria-selected=true]{background:var(--case-glass-fill,rgba(250,247,238,.2));color:var(--hm-ink);box-shadow:0 1px 4px #3c311e1f;-webkit-backdrop-filter:var(--case-glass-filter);backdrop-filter:var(--case-glass-filter)}.film-gallery .film-tabs button:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--hm-focus);outline-offset:-3px}@media(max-width:760px){.film-gallery .film-tabs button{font-size:13px;padding:10px 14px}.film-gallery .film-tabs{border-radius:10px}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.film-gallery .film-tabs button{transition:none}}.chapter .persona-list article h4{margin-bottom:8px}.chapter .persona-list article p{line-height:1.6;margin-block:0}.chapter .persona-list article p+p{margin-top:6px}:root{--case-header-height: 88px}.hero[data-first-screen]{padding-block:0;scroll-margin-top:var(--case-header-height)}.atmosphere{transition:opacity .45s ease-out}.atmosphere[data-cover-visible]{opacity:.58}.atmosphere[data-cloud-state=fallback][data-cover-visible]:before{animation-duration:18s}.hero[data-first-screen]:before{--grid-row: clamp(22px, 3vw, 28px);content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:-1;pointer-events:none;background-image:linear-gradient(to right,#000 1px,transparent 1px),linear-gradient(to bottom,#000 1px,transparent 1px);background-size:calc(var(--grid-row) * 3.5) var(--grid-row);opacity:.04}@supports (mask-image: linear-gradient(#000,#000)){.hero[data-first-screen]:before{opacity:.054;-webkit-mask-image:radial-gradient(ellipse,#000 5%,transparent 68%),radial-gradient(ellipse,#000d 3%,transparent 68%),linear-gradient(#0008,#0008);mask-image:radial-gradient(ellipse,#000 5%,transparent 68%),radial-gradient(ellipse,#000d 3%,transparent 68%),linear-gradient(#0008,#0008);-webkit-mask-size:78% 104%,72% 96%,100% 100%;mask-size:78% 104%,72% 96%,100% 100%;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:-40% -14svh,145% 13svh,center;mask-position:-40% -14svh,145% 13svh,center}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){.hero[data-first-screen]:before{animation:cover-grid-drift 26s ease-in-out infinite}}}@keyframes cover-grid-drift{0%,to{-webkit-mask-position:-40% -14svh,145% 13svh,center;mask-position:-40% -14svh,145% 13svh,center}32%{-webkit-mask-position:84% 8svh,175% -17svh,center;mask-position:84% 8svh,175% -17svh,center}68%{-webkit-mask-position:143% -16svh,-15% 19svh,center;mask-position:143% -16svh,-15% 19svh,center}}.hero[data-first-screen] .hero-inner{display:flex;align-items:center;min-height:calc(100svh - var(--case-header-height));padding-block:clamp(24px,7svh,88px)}@media(max-width:760px){:root{--case-header-height: 76px}}.chapter>.chapter-heading{margin-bottom:20px}.chapter .chapter-intro{max-width:72ch;margin-bottom:40px}.chapter>p:not(.chapter-intro){max-width:72ch}.chapter .design-figure figcaption{padding-top:8px;line-height:1.6}html:lang(zh){--case-zh-prose: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", "Noto Sans CJK SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif;--case-zh-body-size: 16px;--case-zh-lead-size: 17px}html:lang(zh) :is(#top,.chapter) :is(p,dt,dd,figcaption>span,.path-action,.small-label,.metric>span,.scope-toggle span,.measurement-table :is(th,td),summary [data-zh]){font-family:var(--case-zh-prose)!important;font-size:var(--case-copy-size, var(--case-zh-body-size))!important;font-weight:400!important;line-height:var(--case-copy-leading, 1.8);line-break:strict}html:lang(zh) :is(#top .hero-summary,.chapter .chapter-intro){--case-copy-size: var(--case-zh-lead-size);max-width:40em}:is(#top,.chapter) :is(p,dd,.path-action,.metric>span):not(.source-note,.small-label,.path-label,.example-caption){color:#30291fbf;color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--hm-ink) 75%,transparent)}html:lang(zh) .chapter>p:not(.chapter-intro){max-width:44em}html:lang(zh) .chapter :is(figcaption>span,.source-note,.small-label,.metric>span,.example-caption){--case-copy-size: 13px;--case-copy-leading: 1.6}.chapter :is(figcaption>span,.source-note,.small-label,.chapter-label,.path-label,.example-caption){color:#30291f8c;color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--hm-ink) 55%,transparent)}html:lang(zh) .chapter :is(.path-label,.scope-toggle span,.measurement-table :is(th,td)){--case-copy-size: 14px}html:lang(zh) .chapter :is(.problem-definition>p,.reflection-copy,.closing-thought){--case-copy-size: clamp(19px, 1.65vw, 22px);--case-copy-leading: 1.65}@media(max-width:760px){html:lang(zh){--case-zh-body-size: 15px;--case-zh-lead-size: 16px}.chapter>.chapter-heading{margin-bottom:16px}.chapter .chapter-intro{margin-bottom:32px}}:root{--chapter-nav-height:70px;scroll-padding-top:var(--chapter-nav-height)}html body .chapter-nav{background:#f3ead5c7;-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(18px) saturate(115%);backdrop-filter:blur(18px) saturate(115%);border-block:1px solid rgba(83,72,52,.18)}html body section.chapter{scroll-margin-top:0;min-height:calc(100svh - var(--chapter-nav-height));padding-block:48px 136px;border-block:0}html body .chapter .chapter-heading{border:0;padding-top:0}html body .chapter .chapter-heading:before{content:none}html body .chapter-label{display:inline-block;font:13px/1.5 var(--body);color:var(--muted);padding:5px 10px;background:#ffffff59;border:1px solid rgba(83,72,52,.18);border-radius:3px;margin-bottom:20px;letter-spacing:0}html body .contribution{padding:28px 32px;border:1px solid rgba(83,72,52,.18);border-radius:8px;background:#ffffff52;margin-top:48px;gap:32px}html body .contribution:before{content:none}html body .chapter .chapter-heading h2{font-size:clamp(38px,3.8vw,54px);line-height:1.4}html body .chapter h3{font-size:30px;line-height:1.5}html body .contribution h3{margin-top:0}html body .contribution p{margin-bottom:0}html body .anchor-alias{scroll-margin-top:0}@supports not (backdrop-filter:blur(1px)){html body .chapter-nav{background:#f3ead5f7}}@media(prefers-reduced-transparency:reduce){html body .chapter-nav{background:#f3ead5;backdrop-filter:none;-webkit-backdrop-filter:none}}@media(max-width:760px){:root{--chapter-nav-height:60px}html body section.chapter{padding-block:32px 88px}html body .chapter-label{font-size:12px;padding:4px 8px;margin-bottom:16px}html body .contribution{padding:24px 20px;gap:16px}html body .chapter .chapter-heading h2{font-size:34px;line-height:1.45}html body .chapter h3{font-size:26px}}html body .figure-action{display:none!important}html body .other-views{align-items:start}html body .other-views>figure{margin:0!important;align-self:start;transform:none}html body .other-views .artwork{display:block;width:100%}html body .other-views figcaption{padding-top:14px;margin:0}html body .project-outcomes .impact-heading{max-width:850px}html body .project-outcomes .impact-metrics{gap:48px;margin-block:36px 24px;align-items:start}html body .project-outcomes .impact-metric h3{font-size:24px;line-height:1.5;margin:16px 0 8px}html body .project-outcomes .impact-metric p:last-child{margin:0;max-width:38em}html body .project-outcomes .impact-note{border:0;max-width:none;padding:0;margin:24px 0 0;font-size:14px;line-height:1.8}@media(max-width:760px){html body .project-outcomes .impact-metrics{gap:28px}html body .project-outcomes .impact-metric h3{font-size:22px}html body .project-outcomes .impact-note{font-size:13px}}:root{--case-glass-fill:rgba(255,255,255,.2);--case-glass-solid:rgb(255,255,255);--case-glass-filter:blur(18px) saturate(65%) brightness(1.04)}html body :is(.site-header,.site-footer,.chapter-nav,.chapter-label,.contribution,.user-path,.problem-definition,.chart-board,.film-gallery,.rule-demo,.validation-art-pair,.workbook-index,.source-summary,.method-map,.workflow-detail,.component-board,.artwork){background:var(--case-glass-fill);-webkit-backdrop-filter:var(--case-glass-filter);backdrop-filter:var(--case-glass-filter)}html body :is(.chart-board,.film-gallery,.rule-demo,.validation-art-pair,.workflow-detail,.component-board) .artwork{background:transparent;-webkit-backdrop-filter:none;backdrop-filter:none}@supports not (backdrop-filter:blur(1px)){html body :is(.site-header,.site-footer,.chapter-nav,.chapter-label,.contribution,.user-path,.problem-definition,.chart-board,.film-gallery,.rule-demo,.validation-art-pair,.workbook-index,.source-summary,.method-map,.workflow-detail,.component-board,.artwork){background:var(--case-glass-solid)}}@media(prefers-reduced-transparency:reduce){html body :is(.site-header,.site-footer,.chapter-nav,.chapter-label,.contribution,.user-path,.problem-definition,.chart-board,.film-gallery,.rule-demo,.validation-art-pair,.workbook-index,.source-summary,.method-map,.workflow-detail,.component-board,.artwork){background:var(--case-glass-solid);-webkit-backdrop-filter:none;backdrop-filter:none}}html body :is(.chapter-label,.contribution,.user-path,.problem-definition,.chart-board,.film-gallery,.rule-demo,.validation-art-pair,.workbook-index,.source-summary,.method-map,.workflow-detail,.component-board,.artwork){border:0}html body :is(.contribution,.user-path,.problem-definition,.chart-board,.film-gallery,.rule-demo,.validation-art-pair,.workbook-index,.source-summary,.method-map,.workflow-detail,.component-board):before,html body :is(.contribution,.user-path,.problem-definition,.chart-board,.film-gallery,.rule-demo,.validation-art-pair,.workbook-index,.source-summary,.method-map,.workflow-detail,.component-board):after{border:0}html body :is(.film-tabs,.method-map>.figure-label,.workbook-index>h3){border:0}html,body{margin:0;padding:0;overscroll-behavior-y:none}html body>.site-header{margin-top:0}html body>.site-footer{margin-bottom:0}html body .direction-icon,html body .next-project>svg{display:none}html body .site-header{align-items:center}html body .site-header :is(.wordmark,.back-link,.languages){height:44px;min-height:44px;display:flex;align-items:center;line-height:1.5;padding-block:0;box-sizing:border-box}html body .site-header .wordmark{position:relative;top:2px}html body .site-header .languages a{position:relative;height:44px;min-height:44px;display:flex;align-items:center;padding-block:0;border:0;line-height:1.5;text-decoration:none;box-sizing:border-box}html body .site-header .languages a[aria-current=true]:after{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;height:1px;background:currentColor}